Ethical Considerations in Motivated Learning

When students have goals to achieve, the motivation to do more or better goes into overdrive. Goal Theory and Ethical Implications The goal theory of motivation is explained by Such nun (2012) as, â€Å"Goal theory postulates that important relations exist among goals, expectations, attributions, conceptions of ability, motivational orientations, social and self comparisons, and achievement behaviors† (Andersen & Welters, Blundered, Elliot, Maier & Shush, Pinprick, Pinprick & Shush, Whiner, as cited in Chunk 201 2, p. 374). Goals, values, and expectations are roles of motivation within earning as described social cognitive theorists.Goals are set and progress is evaluated, when progress is made toward those goals, an individual's self- efficacy, self-motivation and self-achievement is validated. Goals provide the individual marker points to assess ones progress to mastering the desired outcome or knowledge retention on a particular subject. â€Å"Motivation is goal- directed behavior instigated and sustained by people's expectations concerning the anticipated outcomes of their actions and their self-efficacy for performing those actions† (Bandeau, as cited in Chunk, 201 2, p. 372).The ales of a learner are a key part of this motivation. If they find what they are learning self-satisfying and important they are more likely to be motivated to learn and achieve the goals that have been established. When talking about goals in relation to goal theories it is evident that certain ethical standards may be impacted due to the need of achievement to the final desired outcome. Through achieving goals as an example in social cognitive theory one may have to violate the individual autonomy or safety within the subjects' community.Nagy (201 1) states, There are occasions when psychologists sight have to initiate safeguards to help ensure the autonomy and safety of individuals or communities. † The ethical principles of modern psychologists are to evalua te what ethical standards may be violated in the pursuit of the us abject achieving set goals either through their therapeutic processes or learning processes. Some areas of concern are reflected in individualized role differences, cultural, individual, and vulnerabilities in where access to legal protections and violation of one's personal rights may be threatened.The psychologist is to ensure that other human attributes of the members' immediate society shall not be violated in the pursuit of the subjects goals and should be clearly explained in a therapeutic setting. Achievement Motivation Theory and Ethical Implications The achievement motivation theory is based on the belief that all individuals have needs and go through an unconscious process to attempt to meet these needs (Rayon, 1969). According to Chunk, ‘The study of achievement motivation is central to education and learning' (p. 58). In the achievement motivation theory, individuals strive to be become and remain c ompetent in heir participation in forceful activities. Individuals strive achieve their goals (Whiner, 1975). In learning individuals might strive to be rewarded with good grades for their hard work. The achievement of the grade is what motivates the individual to complete the assignment. The achievement motivation theory has been linked to personality through the desire individuals have to satisfy needs (Chunk, 2012).Contemporary models of achievement motivation theory emphasized the contribution of success expectancy, and an individual's perceived value of the task to be completed (2012). Chunk (2012) tastes, â€Å"Students' initial motivational beliefs center on goals, self-concepts of abilities, and perceptions of task demands† (p. 362). In the self-worth theory of achievement motivation individuals base their achievement in their perception of self-worth based on results of emotional conflicts between hope for success and the fear of failure (Chunk, 2012).An individual i s driven by their anticipation of success and their anxiety of failing. People are driven by their fear of failure and being perceived by others as incompetent and unworthy. Ethical disadvantages to the achievement motivation theory include the low reliability and correlation with other achievement measurements (Chunk, 2012). An individual's perception on the way others perceive them can also be a pitfall in the utilization Of the achievement motivational theory.The cultural background, gender role stereotypes and other ethical issues could alter an individual's perception of their ability to achieve the goals in which they have set. Social Cognitive Theory and Ethical Implications Social Cognitive Theory, developed by Albert Bandeau emphasizes learning based off of social surroundings. As one grows from childhood to adolescence and later in adulthood, there is a heavy influence from family and friends, as well as career setting that mold people into who there are (Chunk, 2010).Band eau stated, â€Å"Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. † (Bandeau, 1971). This explains that one develops skills form observation of others. Bandeau goes on to say, â€Å"Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling from observing others one forms an idea of new behaviors are reformed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action. In other words, learning comes from a live model with full demonstration of behavior that is exhibited by others. There are many different ethical dilemmas that can surface in psychological practices with utilization of the social cognitive motivation theory. Kismet (1991) suggested that, â€Å"Studies pertaining to ethical decision making and attitude toward social and behavioral research suggest that certain extra scientific characteristics of researchers may be ass ociated with different stances on ethical issues or may influence the kinds of ethical decisions drawn. Based on the psychologists attitude toward the research could influence the behavior of the participants; engaging in behavior that is deemed unethical. There is always an ethical concern when dealing with biased opinion of psychologists, which can then turned into manipulation to achieve specific results Attribution Theory of Motivation and Ethical Implications In psychology the study of motivation is used to help understand and explain any type of observed change behavior that has occurred in a person.Motivation is usually a valued form of performance since effects that occur from change are typically only temporary (Male, 2004). When a person become slightly motivated to accomplish or perform a task due to a motivation change, this person could latter have very little interest in this task due to another change in motivation. Since motivation changes a channel over and over it becomes difficult to measure and use in psychology (Male, 2004). Primary and basic motives are looked at as hunger, need for drink, sexual, to avoided aggression, pain, and fear.This primary drive of motivation or individuals comes from the basic needs and survival. Secondary individuals typically will look for power, achievement and other specialized motivations. Attribution theory in motivation has been researched in a variety of ways (Male, 2004). Research methods include of electrical stimulation and chemical stimulation in the human brain. This recorded the electric brain wave activity though the use of an electroencephalograph. Lesion techniques are often used to study the portion of the brain that has been destroyed and the subsequent changes have been changed.Attempts to analyze people at psychological level try to understand why people behave in certain ways. Motivation is people could contribute to presence of other in their social world. It is difficult for psychologist t o fully measure what motivates individuals to accomplish secondary motives in their lives making it a high pitfall for psychology use (Male, 2004). Many individuals gain motivation for personal needs and draw motivation from many different areas of life making it hard to measure and test. Conclusion In conclusion, motivated learning has various aspects tied into it.Goals are important for those who are interested in achieving a high level of success. While desiring to reach these goals, students begin to understand that there are steps or tasks to partake in for them to acquire achievement. When students begin to believe how others perceive them, it can cause their motivation to take a left turn. Those who deal with social issues often deal with the influence of the people around them. The motivation to do more has to come from our personal experiences. It can be linked to growing up poor, not have the right people around to guide you, and etc.

What makes a good Entrepreneur?

Strengths: I am good at keeping calm in difficult situations. Keeping calm is important when running a business, things may go wrong and you may be in some bad predicaments, but it is always vital to be calm. I have shown my skills of being calm when working as a sales assistant in 3; as a sales assistant in a mobile phone shop there will be a lot of people coming in angry with complaints about, or even wanting to send their phones to the repairs, when these situations happen it is always essential to keep calm because the customer is always write in a business. Also if you are not calm when a customer comes in and they are angry, it could affect the business as the customer would not recommend the shop, or they would not come back and it is always good to have loyal customers. Good attendance:I will always be where I need to be, if I said I am going to attend or if I am supposed to attend I will always be present, because I do not like to miss vital information or miss out and the c atch up later. I’d rather primary information than secondary information, because I understand more when heard from the person explaining.Good personality:I am always positive, and happy if I am at work I never have a dull attitude I do what I have to do and I enjoy what I do, I do not do anything that I do not think I will enjoy. I do all I have to, to the best of my ability’s; never half hearted. Customers love me because I love to get to know new people, working in a phone job it is important to get to know the customer so you can provide them with a phone that will suite them best. I’m always smiling, do not hold grudges and can never be angry for long time. I think this would make me a good entrepreneur because whatever I am hit with I never dwell on it I get up and move on The ability to work as part of a team as well as on my ownWeakness: OrganisationI am not very good at organisation; I do not plan ahead before time or keep things that I think I may need in the future. I need to work on keeping all important documents together so when I need them it is not hard to find, also I need to be able to plan ahead, set myself a plan or a time table so  that I can do things systematically then doing things all jumbled up and not remembering what I have to do and what I have done. PunctualityMy punctuality is not as good as my attendance, I always make sure I’m there but sometimes due to my bad organisation I will end up running late because I have not organised, what I needed for the morning, the night before. I am good and at estimating what time I need to leave to get to somewhere on time.Management skillsI have not git much management skills, I am able to lead a group however I do not think I am advanced or organised enough to manage a whole team. As managing a whole need is a lot or balancing responsibility, with I would need more experience to do.I.T skillsI also need more experience and more training in IT Skills, ask they ar e good but nor excellent, it is good to have I.T skills as the worlds technology is advancing and soon everything will be electrical, so if my skills are very good now, I can be learning as technology advances, so that I will not be extremely behind. Opportunities for development: Asking for helpAsking for help could help me quite a lot because I have a lot of people around me at all times, so asking for help with all the things I am bad at could hopefully, teach me how to do things better and get me into a routine. Writing things downAlso for development I could begin to write things down more in a diary, and then I can remember things more and know where things are. When writing things down it makes everything more efficient and you will always have evidence to go back to and show specific dates. As an entrepreneur it good to remember dates when you started a new idea, what day your new stock arrives etc.TrainingTo improve my management and I.T skills I will need some training and experience, as I.T skills you have to learn because there is a lot to computing, and technology is improving, so it is ggod to be update with I.T  skills. Also as I am going to be running my own business I need to learn how to manage a larger group of people, larger amount of money and documents. MentorA mentor will be a lot of help, someone who is older than me that can give me some tips on how to run a and manage a business, someone that can support you and teach you what to do and what not to do, as they have had experience and training to do this.Threats- New technology As technology is advancing all the time, and to stay up to date with all the necessary technology, a lot of money needs to be spent, even starting up the business I would need to buy a lot of technology, such as computers for the tills, CCTV cameras, TV screens and iPads for attraction and marketing.CompetitionAnother threat is my competition, big stores worldwide such as JD Sport, Footlocker and Schuh as they are much bigger stores and more known to the public, those places will be the first choice, however our store will appeal to more unique individuals.Recession A recession is a very big threat because if there is a recession, then the prices will have to go up and the customers will find it difficult to do some shopping, employers could even demand a higher salary due to prices of everything else going out.Personal development plan Skills: The ability to do a certain task well, something that is learnt to perfection with a lot of practice. Attributes: A quality, property or characteristics of somebody or something, it is not something you gain. Skills I need to manage my business properly Type of skill Why is this relevant to the business? Are you competent in this skill? Yes/No Explain why? How can I intend to develop this skill Good CommunicationGood communication is very important in a business, as you will need to speak to the customers, to find out what they like and need when doing market research. When a business has good customer services customers all feel likely obligated to come back because the get treated so well, better that our competition, communication skills is not only essential with consumers but also with the staff, good communication with your staff will make the business flow very well; a staff will be more confidence in what they do because there has been an established understanding, YesMore experience can develop these skills, more contact with customers in a work place will defiantly enhance my communication skills Presenting SkillsThe ability to present an idea to a group of people is very important it can take you from a small business to a worldwide business so it is important not on to have good presenting skills but to have good persuasive skills also. YesManagement SkillsManagement skills are relevant in a business, are I am going to be the manager of the business I need to be able to run he business to success. I also need to know how to organise a business, hire people and make the right decisions and when he wrong decisions are made how to recover and get better. No, because I have never been a manager, hover I have been a team leader so I just need more training and experience. Training, Experience and Mentoring, all these things will help me to become a better manger. Book-keeping and accountancyThis is relevant to run my business, as I need to keep track of everything that is going on in the business, so that there is always evidence, also accounting skills are relevant just to make sure that everything is running well in the business and not relying on an accountant, which is a lot of cash loss, and even if an account is hired it is always good to double  check.No, as I am not used to book keeping, also I have only just started an accounting course and need more knowledge in that subject. Read more financial books, and get used to writing things down in a diary all the time.Attributes I need to m anage my business properly Type of attribute Why is this relevant to the business? Are you competent in this attribute? Yes/No Explain why? How can I intend to develop this attribute Good personalityA good personality is one of my best attributes I have a positive attitude in everything I do, I am never negative is anything that I do, never accept failure and never give up, do everything to the best of my ability. YesAlways keep a positive mind and always keep organised, do not let things overload, pile up and stress outCommitmentThis is important because it is never good to give up, always give 100% in running a business, and give all time and dedication to make it work. Give everything you need to make it work, if it fails try again, have a lot of persistence and put in a lot of hard work, to make your business successful. YesBalancing ResponsibilitiesBeing able to do this will keep the business running smoothly and keeping everything on track, balancing responsibilities I will be able to have a personal life away from my career life and be able to care of them both and not one more attention than the other. No, because I’m not very good a balancing my priorities  Lean to meet deadlines and know when it’s time to work and play.ConfidenceIt is important to be confident when running a business, as drastic decisions need to be made and if there is no confidence the decisions will not be made. Confidence is needed to present well and to make changes in the business, No, I am not used to standing up in front of big crowdsDo more training in leadership, and aim for higher roles such as class president or vice president. What Makes a Good Entrepreneur? The terms entrepreneur, manager and owner are very much in meaning yet exhibit different representations of business people who are present at the top management. Entrepreneur is a person who sets up a new organization or enterprise and accounts for accountability on his part of the risks that could come onto his shoulders for one reason or the other. When the discussion is of the for-profit organizations, the entrepreneur term replaces itself with founder.  (Versi, 1999) This person is responsible for establishing a new entity or unit so that the establishment could provide an existing product or service into the form of a single new market, which could have a profit or non-profit result. The entrepreneurs have strong insights as regards to the opportunities that exist within the market and the threats that come as a result of the very same. The risks that could arise in the wake of these include personal, financial or professional ones so that opportunity could be grabbed with bo th hands.(Martin, 1997) In different societies, the business entrepreneurs are regarded as the pivotal components of a social order. (Covin, 1999) Entrepreneur manages and runs an organization and manages the different undertakings of the enterprise. This enterprise could be a business which is normally associated with peculiar initiatives and foreseeable risks. An entrepreneur is also an employer of productive work or in other words of labor. He is also the contractor who deals with or initiates the process of entrepreneurship.The entrepreneur is the person who is responsible for running the system which is in place in a normal process. He is the one who organizes the whole process. Entrepreneur creates or sells a product and/or service so that he could earn a considerable profit/benefit. The entrepreneur is the risk bearer and an organizer within the business enterprise. More than anything else, an entrepreneur is a leader by sheer definition. An entrepreneur wants to achieve high since his ambitions are always at the top.He is a person who believes in dedication and hard work. (Drucker, 1985) These people like to work for their own selves rather than working for some other business. They believe in quality of work and take acceptance for responsibility which is a hallmark of a true leader. These entrepreneurs believe in a positive approach and give rewards whenever they deem fit. Their thinking is more on the lines of providing excellence towards work and they are good organizers as far as work ethics are concerned.They want to make a profit and this profit helps them to accomplish more and more in their passage towards success and achievements. (Ramsay, 2004) Some of the well known entrepreneurs have included names like Ben Cohen of the Ben & Jerry’s Ice Cream, Elisha Otis related with elevators, Ted Turner with the media field, Sam Walton concerned with the departmental stores and lastly Alan Sugar with the science of computers. (Watkins, 1998) Eff ective entrepreneurs know how to make use of their team members and during this while contribute in their own capacity towards team building.Entrepreneurial effectiveness within an organization could be improved if there is a general understanding that the entrepreneurs know their work well and also discern the exact basis for the workers who fall short on the knowledge curve. This would enable them to get the best out of these individuals and turn them into the strengths within the shortest possible time. (Versi, 2006) What spiral of knowledge does is to increase the awareness level of the entrepreneurs when it comes to their working methodologies and the ways and means through which they bring value to the different processes and activities of the organization.  (Gannon, 1987)The knowledge organization makes best use of the knowledge that it has and it does not let go on the opportunities which come in its way every now and then. There is a definitive need to outline the salient points which a entrepreneur must know in order to get the work done from the knowledge base and indeed the whole of the knowledge organization and it is only when there is a mesh of knowledge activities and the entrepreneurial effectiveness.  (Halal, 1996)Team building is one of the most significant aspects that come under the functions of an entrepreneur and he needs to make sure that he is the leader for all the activities and tasks that are happening under his vigilant eyes. Team building is all the more important because the entrepreneur needs to take decisions in line with the knowledge that his team can deliver under crunch situations and also because he has to take the company forward all this while.Thus it is imperative on his part to understand that the strengths and weaknesses of the team members are equally crucial and his requirement takes more ground in this whole equation when a difficult situation crops up. (Hocker, 2001) Thus a good team is only built when the lea der (entrepreneur) knows his team members pretty well and turns the weaknesses of different individuals within the team into their strengths and not only that but also in the strength of the team overall.  (Harper, 2003)An entrepreneur can only be termed an effective one when he understands his resources and what his team members can possibly do to their maximum in those available resources. Only then there is a sense of empathy and understanding amongst the team members and consideration towards the leader of the team which in this case is the entrepreneur himself. Thus, a good team is developed when there is complete harmony in the activities of the team members and there is basically a synergy amongst all of them.This synergy can only be encouraged by the team leader, which in this case is through an effective and considerate entrepreneur. (El-Amin, 2003) Being labeled as an entrepreneur is a social stigma, more so in the West where the same is attached with social injustice an d immoral etiquettes. In addition, being called as an entrepreneur of some business or corporation asks for the person to be termed as a tyrannical ruler who is ruling the lives of the employees and workers working under him. Oppression and entrepreneurship thus end up being each other’s synonyms.On the other hand, being called as an entrepreneur of an enterprise would be looked upon at in a very esteemed and reputable manner within a third world nation. (Economy, 2003) There are differences in the cultural mechanisms so as to speak. A conflict within an organization can take place due to differing personalities of the employees or in their attitudes that lead in their linkage with each other. This could also happen due to their norms and behaviors which might not be liked by any one party (person) and thus lead to a conflict of thoughts, ideas, actions and eventual behaviors towards each other.There is a degree of power when we speak of the entrepreneur in terms of the same over his subordinate or the employee who is working under him in a direct or an indirect capacity. In the end, it would be proper to state here that if the entrepreneurs are true to their jobs and know what they expect from the workers working under them, then it is duty bound on the part of these employees to be truthful about their work and apprise the entrepreneur as to where they have been lacking and what plus points have thus been achieved.  (Rogers, 2001)All said and done it is to the entrepreneur himself as to how best he can toe along the workers on those lines and till what extent he can drag them but in the name of a genuine organizational gain. A good entrepreneur can only be made if he is respected by one and all. (Milner, 2004)

The Effects of Salt Water on Gummy Bears

Marisela Andrade The Effects of Salt Water on Gummy Bears Facilitated diffusion depends on passive transport. Molecules cross cell membrane by diffusion. A type of diffusion is osmosis. If no energy is input into the system during diffusion, the molecules will reach a state of equilibrium. The purpose of this experiment was to study why the death occurred among those who drank salt water. Two blue gummy bears had a height of 2 centimeters each. The mass of these gummy bears together were 5. 28 grams.Two orange gummy bears had a height of 2 centimeters each. The mass of these gummy bears together were 5. 37 grams. The blue gummy bears were contained in water for 24 hours while the orange gummy bears were kept in a container filled with 3. 5% salt water for 24 hours. The gummy bears were taken out of these containers after 24 hours and measured for their mass and height again. The blue gummy bears height decreased to 1. 8 centimeters each and its mass decreased by 32%. The orange gummi es height increased to 2. 5 centimeters and its mass increased by 62%.Gummy bears are made up of a mixture of sugar and glucose syrup along with citric acid and gelatin. Citric acid is an organic acid to add a sour taste to food and drinks. Gelatin is a mixture of peptides and proteins produced by partial hydrolysis of collagen extracted from the skin. Therefore, the salt water entered the blue gummy bear and mixed up with the sugar and glucose syrup leaving it small and hard. The orange gummy bear increased in size and mass because the water entered the body and mixed up with ingredients, causing the gelatin to grow.

Strategic Managment - Corporate Governance Essay

Strategic Managment - Corporate Governance - Essay Example Individual commitment to ethics is as much required as the a strong performance on the bourse. Corporate Governance gives companies the basic framework to establish the rules of the game within. On one hand, the companies deal with measurable and quantifiable assets like finances and accounts. On the other are its deep rooted social and environmental commitments to the buyers, suppliers, and the community it works in. Corporate Social Responsibility is that aspect of Corporate Governance that ensures that a company fulfills its social and obligations besides increasing its profits. In fact, the financial performance of a company, to a great measure rests on the confidence it places in its employees with welfare concepts, ethical trade practices, protecting human values and respect for the environment. We will carry out a discussion into the Corporate Social Responsibility practiced by the UK retail major Marks and Spencer. We will first define corporate governance, then study the Code of Corporate Governance of UK and study its implementation as for as the clause of Corporate Social Responsibility is concerned. Corporate Governance is the system by which companies are directed and controlled. It provides architecture of accountability (Higgs, 2003).In other words, Corporate Governance is the principles on which a company is controlled, run and operated. . Corporate Governance requires of the Board to instil and maintain confidence in its shareholders by maintaining through transparency and informed of its decisions. Corporate governance is the accountability of a company, its board for protection of the investors’ money. Often in the past the Boards of companies did not behave responsibly resulting in loss of investor’s money and the confidence. The laws in UK were severely lacking in keeping proper checks and controls on the performance and decision making of executive and non-executive directors. This often

Weekly journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Weekly journal - Essay Example When individuals are unemployed they have less money to spend on goods and services and they are more inclined towards ensuring that their basic needs are met. Due to this they spend more on the basic necessities such as food and clothing and ignore spending money on luxurious products and services such as cars. Another subject that the chapter focuses on is the fiscal and monetary policies that government may use to encourage individuals to spend more. When the government implements an expansionary policy, it allows business to borrow more and due to these businesses invest more (Krugman 148). More investment leads to increase in demand for employees which in turn increases the wages paid to employees. Due to this increase, individuals tend to spend more and they even spend on luxurious items. But if the demand for goods and services continuously increases, suppliers will increase their prices on continuous basis and this would lead to increase in inflation rate and decrease in the number of goods and services that can be purchases by individuals in a particular economy (Krugman

The Negative Effect Of Middle Name Atsitso Essay

The Negative Effect Of Middle Name Atsitso - Essay Example These myths have made it worse for me especially in an effort to accept that name as my own. This name has really had negative implications in my life. As seen in the research conducted by Crook, it is in the shrines that bodies are laid and at times the reasons behind the deaths are very unclear (67). The author gives a good example of the ones at Bardney that were laid in a shrine (Crook 67). This explains the mysteries that lie in the shrines as the author claims that the ones at Bardney were indeed unclear. Relating this to my name meaning a shrine, I do not like this aspect at all. Persons may relate to the cultic features of the shrine to my name as well as my personality which does not sound good to me at all. In the work as well, Crook is of the thought that shrines are constructed using the remains of materials that were used to put up other buildings (104). A good example is that of Eadwig’s time when shrines were rebuilt using the old front and back plates (Crook 104). In the event that I relate this fact to my life, I strongly feel that I do not want anyone to call me by that name Atsitso ever again. In my opinion, I relate the construction of the shrines as an afterthought of other constructions. I do not believe I am a product of an afterthought. This hurts my self-esteem a great deal; that is why I forbid people to ever call me using that name. In shrines, dead bodies are laid to rest. Even after burials, some bodies are normally raised from the ground and laid to rest in the shrines. Crook gives an example of Aldhelm who was exhumed and laid to rest in a shrine (104). Who would want a name that relates to shrines and a place for dead bodies? This explains why I renounce my name that has a lot to do with ones and dead bodies. At times people ridicule me because of the same. At times people ridicule me because of the same. As the days pass, my personality is greatly affected and will continually ask people to never call me by that name.

Beauty (Re)discovers the Male Body by Susan Bordo Essay

Beauty (Re)discovers the Male Body by Susan Bordo - Essay Example Technology has played a vital role in the evolution of advertisements, and television, radio, print media, LED screens etc are the most readily and widely accepted sources of advertisements. The studies conducted on consumer behavioral psychology have given marketers a boost in tackling their consumers. Basic human needs and desires can be a very effective accelerator for marketing since they grab attention more easily. The primary trends in advertisements that Bordo talks about in â€Å"Beauty (Re)discovers the male body† are of clothing and fashion. These two goods have found their most successful marketing approach which is to tell the consumer what is beautiful and what is not. The advertisements of these two products have primarily changed the perception of beauty and that can be observed in the recent years. The concept of masculinity has shifted in the recent years. Once the Marlboro described masculinity as tough, rough and calm in its advertisements, now masculinity i s more associated with the white collar look. The role of genders in advertisemnts has changed in a peculiar sense. The essence has been the same. The portrayal of men and women has been for the same purpose but it has changed its mode and approach. The aim has been to provide the consumer with a unique identity and for that the consumer can be convinced of what identity he/she wants. Self image has become increasingly important over the last two decades and this self image is primarily related to the appeal their appearances produce to other people. The desire to look like someone else and the desire to have someone else is in essence the reason for the war of the sexes. The video commercial of Calvin Klein underwear X can be an ideal depiction of objectification of men. The commercial stars four male models with seemingly perfect bodies; three of them white and one black. The commercial is in black and white and the models seem to be oiled up. Each guy addresses the viewers indivi dually in his underwear. Almost all the underwear that they are wearing highlights the outline of their penises. The commercial starts with one model calling the viewers. After the first model makes his statement, the camera shifts to the next model and after he makes his statement the camera shifts to the third models and this is how the advertisement continues showing all four models addressing the viewers in a cycle. All four male models are extremely confident and blunt. They convey confidence, through an image they portray, that anyone can succumb to their sexual appeal. The models have stiff but not exactly Schwarzenegger bodies. For convenience in visualizing the advertisement, the advertisement can be broken down into parts. In the first part of the commercial each model asks the viewers if they want to see his penis. Though the word â€Å"penis† itself is censored, the audience, as is evidently intended by the advertisement’s producers, can well make it out. I n the second part the models assert that the viewers want to see their penises. They are shown to be so good at reading the minds of people from their experience that they know for sure that the viewers want to see their penises. One of the models asks the viewers to look at his face not at his crotch. In the second part of the commercial one of the models makes a bargain for showing his penis. His statement sounds like â€Å"

Identify one or two coaching or organization challenges significant Research Proposal

Identify one or two coaching or organization challenges significant enough to be the focus of your project - Research Proposal Example In addition, the program is the foremost sports program meant to enhance the life of participants through the game of baseball. In my view, the rating of the program may be placed at 4 on the rating scale of 1 to 5. This is largely found on the view of what is required to aid, manage, and run a local RBI program assisted by volunteer managers or coaches, local financers, sponsors, and most significantly parents or guardians. The Charleston South Carolina Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities Baseball Program aims for brilliance through the mission of the program, which is to promote a diversified minority environment for youth and adults which is accommodating, demanding, friendly, fun and safe. It aims to endure that self-confidence can be nurtured as individuals grow and expand their skills in a wholesome surrounding off and on the field through the game of baseball. Through the mission, there has been a rise in interest, in the program, this year from a large number of participants of diverse backgrounds. As the Director of the program, I have attempted to recruit additional Historically Black Colleges and Universities coaches situated in the state of South Carolina, and hold an interest in recruiting young ones in the RBI program instead of recruiting children from different states. In addition, I aspire to see more professional and college scouts at our yearly RBI South East Regional. This is largely because not every child in the RBI program will be included or considered in the RBI national team list. They may also be missed with regard to their talent capacities. Nevertheless, the RBI scholarship program has turned out to be successful for learners who not have the capacity to pursue a professional or colligate baseball career, but have the academic capacities. The program has a former RBI participant who successfully accomplished the program and will be graduating at the Citadel Military College during the spring of 2013. The participant will be the foremo st recipient to receive the RBI for RBI scholarship, and graduate college. Moreover, this year, the program attracted 30 players who made up two teams, one, the junior team which comprised participants aged between 13 and 15 years, and, two, the senior team comprised participant aged between 16 and 18 years. The teams had to give a special request to take part in the South East Regional Tournament. Presently, there is a feeder system made up of children aged between 4 and 12 years through the Little International Charter which is made up of five teams, 2 Tee ball teams, 1 Coach Pitch team, 1 Boys Majors team 9-12 and 1 Girls softball team 9-12. Also, currently, the little league program has 4 players moving from the boys major team of 9-12 years to the RBI junior boys team of 13-15 years. We are also developing the girls softball team from the feeder system through the little league program. Nevertheless, there are a number of challenges which exist when contrasting this program wit h other rival programs and getting parents to assist and support the values of the RBI program domestically and countrywide. One, the program is facing stiff competition from rival programs. Therefore, due to the challenges posed by rival programs it has been demanding to create more than a single team in each age division. It has been largely argued that competition can make an organization, entity,

Internet Marketing Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internet Marketing Report - Essay Example They only achieved to reach 100.000 paying customers which represented revenue of $15 million in 2002. It is nothing compared to the millions of users who roam the web daily in search of new music content. Nevertheless, rapidly the music industry understood that the Internet is not actually the enemy, but a new, alternative, means of music distribution and that this new vehicle will grow over time. Thus the need for each member of the industry to implement on the Internet and to make its artists available as the forecasts predict that the Internet will represent 20 percent of the music business by 2007. One of the major competitive advantages of the internet over the traditional music CD sales is the number of titles available. For example in a Virgin Megastore you can find around 100.000 titles. On the internet, even a small provider such as CDnow offers over 200.000 CDs. In consequence, several record labels have decided to offer their entire song catalog online. Finally, the music industry also understood that the price would be an issue especially because you can get all the songs for free. This is the main reason why Sony and Universal Music for example, decided to lower their prices to 99 cents the single download. Even though, the market analysts remain skeptical regarding the users' shift from free to single fee music. However, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) claims that with more awareness of the legal threats of downloading music without paying any right to either the artists or the labels and to the poor quality of pirated music files, the customers will ultimately chose the single fee option, especially since portable devices such as the Ipod are designed to be fully compatible to the online distribution and guarantee a high sound quality. An evaluation of different positioning of existing players (competitors) within the marketplace Today there are 4 major websites - each one of them connected to one or several of the "Big Five" of the music industry (five record labels which are the global giants in the music industry: Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment, EMI Group, Warner Brothers Music, BMG Entertainment) - which are leading the market of downloadable music on the Internet: iTunes Music Store, MusicMatch, Napster and Rhapsoy. Each one of these websites is associated to a larger company: iTunes with Apple, MusicMatch with Yahoo, Rhapsody with Real and Napster with the RIAA and offers to the customer an application that can be used on the pc to download and read the music files and this application can also be adapted to the portable device in order to directly download the music file "to go". This meaning that the competitive forces - Bargaining power of suppliers, Bargaining power of buyers, Barriers to entry, Threat of substitute, Rivalry among existing competitors - that were driving the traditional music industry have changed: bargaining power of suppliers decreased as it is now possible for the artists to go online with their own music without having to pass through the old channels of distributions, bargaining power of buyers has largely increased as it is possible for them to get music for free and thus the record companies have to align in order to offer good

Law describing and evaluating the roles of the courtroom work group Essay Example for Free

Law describing and evaluating the roles of the courtroom work group Essay A court room work group is a term referring to professionals that serve in the court on a daily basis. These professionals include a prosecutor, the criminal defence attorney and the judicial officer. The courtroom working group seeks to bring justice to all. It ensures that all parties are accorded due fairness and equal opportunity regardless of gender, race, age, religious affiliation nor any other factor. They also see to it that trials are completed successfully. The concept of court room working group is associated with plea bargaining. The courtroom working group has shown tremendous explanatory power in overburdened courts dealing with huge case loads. Describing and Evaluating Roles of Courtroom Work Group Professionals that serve in the court, each have a commitment to oversee a successful trial completion. Due to this commitment they must each follow a strict code of ethics and also they must adhere to the law and its practice. In most cases however, the number of judges and attorneys is limited hence there is a possibility that a personal as well as professional relation that may stem up. However this must not be prioritised by either of the parties involved and the pursuit of justice must always remain the order of the day. The changes I would recommend are rising of the bar when it comes to security measures. The reason why I suggest this is because sometimes violent criminal offenders may take advantage of the courtroom environment and cause havoc inside the court. For example in the past there was a reported case whereby an offender grabbed an officer’s pistol and started shooting randomly in the courtroom. Safety measures should be put in place in order to curb such bizarre scenarios in the future. The role of the prosecutor is to represent the rights of the citizens. This is assumed to be so because a crime is defined as an act or omission which constitutes an offence punishable by law. Hence, when an offender is presented in court, the charges levelled against him read, Republic or State vs defendant. Therefore the role of the prosecutor is to represent the people’s cases against the defendant. With that role comes great responsibility on him, in that the burden of proof automatically lies with him. Also he has to work hard to ensure that evidence is presented legally, and the state procedures are adhered to in a way that dismissal is avoided. Another role of the prosecutor is that he acts as a consultant and advisor to the police departments. He assists them in the course of investigations and also provides insight into the acquisition of evidence and the procedural element of it. A prosecutor usually decides which case to pursue based on the fact that whether they think they can prove beyond reasonable doubt that a defendant is guilty of an offense (Herrmann, Joachim, p. 468). They achieve this by firstly studying in a detailed manner the charges levelled against the defendant. Also he must examine the corresponding evidence presented which includes any testimonials or witnesses and any other material fact that may affect his case. After accomplishing this task he has a more insightful view of the case and is best able to make an informed decision. At this juncture he may decide to file the case or drop the charges and recommend lesser sentences for the defendants who agree to plead guilty to a certain crime: a process that is referred to as plea bargaining (Heumann, 1977). If the criterion for taking a case was more stringent, many cases would be dismissed due to lack of concrete evidence. This is because majority of the cases brought to the court have circumstantial evidence but with great eyewitness testimony. If the criterion was less stringent on the other hand, the court system would be overburdened with cases lacking sufficient evidence and support, hence resulting in less attention being accorded to cases that urgently require it. The criminal justice system has been defined as resembling a funnel that is, being wide at the top and being narrow at the bottom. This is interpreted to mean that there are more suspects and defendants in the justice system than there are convicted offenders who have successfully passed through the correctional system. The criminal justice system has a number of processes that an offender goes through, beginning with the investigation process and ending with the release of a convicted individual from a correctional facility. As criminals pass through the criminal justice system, quite a number of cases are dismissed due to a variety of reasons one being the lack of sufficient evidence. Discretion is another effect brought about by the criminal justice funnel. Many of the cases in the criminal justice system are investigated, tried or dismissed purely on the basis of personal choices. These choices are made by persons who use discretion to decide on individual cases. Also police officers may decide whether to conduct investigations on a case or to just go ahead and make an arrest of the suspect, again based on personal choice. Whereas on the other hand, attorneys and judges also interpret information to decide on the bail applications and plea bargains (Hermann Joachim, p. 468). Unreported cases is also another factor emerging form this system. A number of crimes go unreported for a variety of reasons and this allows the offenders of such crimes go off Scott free and mingle with other people in the society. This adds to the ever growing number of cases that do not make their way into the early stages and final stages of the criminal justice system. Case backlog means that the defendants have to wait longer in order to get a verdict on the case. It means t the defendant has to remain as a suspect for a prolonged period. Some of the offenders that are held in custody are there because simply the offenses they committed can not be granted bail and other offenders are there because they have been unable to post bail. This backlog also inhibits the justice process by helping offenders get away with their crimes. This is especially evident where case requires immediate analysis of evidence (Daly, 2011).

Vygotskian Socio-Cultural Theory

Vygotskian Socio-Cultural Theory Lev Vygotsky was a psychologist that revolutionised the world with his theory on socio-cultural development. His theory of socio-cultural development centred on the notion that a child learns through adults or peers. In other words a childs cognitive development is engaged through the childs environment, this means that a child develops through interaction with other individuals. Vygotskys theory differed from other theorists theories; one of them was Piaget, a Swiss psychologist. His theory was that children learn from the inside out, this means that a child takes their own knowledge to the world (as discussed in class). Piagets theory focused on two concepts, one was the concept of assimilation, which is a cognitive process whereby new experiences and information are placed in the cognitive structure of the child. The other concept is accommodation; this is a cognitive process which refers to the resulting reconstruction that takes place when new information is taken in. Vygotsky o n the other hand believe that a childs learning takes place from the outside in, which simply means that a childs environment determines what s/he learns. In Vygotskys socio-cultural learning theory one must familiarise oneself with the concepts before we can begin to grasp the idea of theory and use it correctly. The most important feature to grasp is the zone of proximal development. The zone of proximal development is defined as the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help (Wikipedia; the zone of proximal development). In terms of ones understanding, the ZPD is the distance between the actual development level of a child as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development of a child as determined through problem solving through peer or adult interaction. The actual development of a child is the functions that have already matured and the learner understands. The potential level of development is the functions still in maturation, the understanding has not developed. The ZPD allows learners to mediate through social interaction. (Maths method: 1; Goba, B ) Vygotsky believed in three important aspects that form his theory, this is the social context, language and mediation. These three aspects are important in the sense that; the social context is the context in which learners are coming form. So they may come into the world with some kind of knowledge already instilled in them, this knowledge may not necessarily be correct. Some learners social context may enforce some kind of racism this may make the child racist. In other words children gain their knowledge through social contexts, from birth the childs social interaction depicts the kind of knowledge s/he will bring to society. Because the environment is ever changing, knowledge is ever changing. So knowledge is never static. The next aspect is language being the frontal line for the basis of this theory. If a learner cannot understand language be it mathematical, sign or the language medium, the learners knowledge cannot grow and expand because of a barrier with does not permit the development of the learners cognitive structure. Language is a way to communicate, and if language is not understood than the communication link is broken. And the last aspect is the role of mediation. In order for effective communication to take place there must be some form of mediation to aid the communication. This is where the ZPD comes into play. The learner may not understand a particular concept by way of mediation, something or someone that aids the understanding so the child goes from what they dont understand to what they can grasp. According to Vygotsky, Every function in the childs cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological). This applies equally to voluntary attention, to logical memory, and to the formation of concepts. All the higher functions originate as actual relationships between individuals.The socio cultural theory is then defined as a theory of learning that looks at the contribution society as made in an individuals development (psycology.about.com). It does not only focus on the learner as an individual but as the learner and cultural context on a whole. Vygotsky explained this theory in terms of language. He argued that social interaction forms this new learning through the ZPD where learners gain new language through social interaction. It outlines of a language as combining both the traditional behavioral and linguistic position of language. This theory of language can suggest that the role of the environment can produce differences in understanding. The socio-cultural theory was adopted by Jerome Bruner and made westernized, now its used all over the world. Case study: My name is Triona Pillay and Im 19 years old. I live in an Indian township. This year I did my teaching practice 220 at an Indian school which many non Indians also attend. After teaching practice 120 and all the different aspects we covered with the variations of school types we could go to, I thought Id be well equipped to handle any classroom situation with the way in which teaching practice 120 had instructed us to. However the classroom situations we encountered was different to the ones we were told to imagine. Going into teach at a school where the medium of language is English was what I perceive to be easy because that my home language and thats the language that learners should be familiar with. But that was just the beginning of my problem during my teaching practice. Being a mathematics educator was more difficult as learners couldnt grasp specific concepts. My first mistake was that learners had prior knowledge to the topics being taught, in the case of my grade: 10 class, the topic was analytical geometry. They didnt understand that when a negative is squared the number because positive. The learners taught homework was a joke and class time was for socialising. And then I had the teachers perspective who said that the learners know the work and they complain for nothing that they dont understand. Society has deemed that its generally that black learners that dont understand English and wont be able to understand what is being asked, but in this school the Indian learners got confused with the English. Simple operations like 3x=9, therefore x =3 the learners didnt understand how the answer 3 is obtained. Another thing that I found alarming was that the classrooms were plain n simple with no real posters to make the classroom a place where learners want to come. All in all my teaching practice was a real experience on how learners and adults and their environment influence their behaviour and performance. Something that I found quite fascinating was during a staff meeting and they were discussing why a particular learner behaves so horrid at school and one of the suggestions was because of the way his father treats him. Apparently the father actually hit the child in front of the teacher and walked away and a couple of other times the father sent the child with burst lips. This is not the only reason I believed for the problems Ive encountered. I believed at that school its a popularity contest were everyone wants to fit in so the brainy people stick to the smart people and the naug hty ones keep to their clan. And once you come to grade: 8 u get initiated into one of those lots. This is my personal views on the situations that occurred during my teaching practice and some of the reasons why I believe the situations occurred. Problem solving using Vygotskian socio-cultural theory: The major problem I identified during teaching practice was the lack of both mathematical language and knowledge and the ability of the learner to express their ideas or opinions in class due to the language barrier of practical English words. Firstly Id like to point out that problem cannot be solved over night. It requires gradual input from both the teachers and the learners. My first plan of action in my class is to encourage reading in my class. Maybe I can suggest that the school put in place 30 minutes of readings in the morning. The department of education does send schools educational newspapers that they can give to learners to read. The more the learners read the more the learners build up their vocabulary. My colleagues and I can introduce 10 new, interesting and exciting words that the learners can use during the week, at school to replace the mundane words that they use all the time. Using Vygotskys principles will take some patients from both the learners and the teach ers especially for teachers who have been teaching for 20 plus years, many people are not subjected to change. The next step as a maths teacher is to build on prior mathematical knowledge and motivate the learners, so that if they understand the basics the rest will follow. I could also encourage the learners with higher marks to help those who are lacking behind. We can also have extra classes during the break to enhance their mathematics skills. This is a great idea as learners can stay out of trouble and get work done. The learners need proper scaffolding and we as teachers need to provide the necessary guidance. Vygotsky introduced that a child learns through his or her environment so if the child is taught in an environment conducive to learning the child may enjoy coming to that classroom and learn something. I could suggest to learners that they join peers who going to improve their rather than influence them negatively. The next idea is a tricky one because from the time I was in school I noticed teachers who tried to reach out to learners whose environment at home is unstable, shot down by parents who think they know it all and believe that the teacher is meddlesome and should mind their own business. To have a parent meeting is sometimes futile because the good learners parents only end up coming and the parents you need to see dont. According to Vygotsky in a classroom situation we the teachers are the mediator, we should therefore be care how we give off information because learners are young and can sometimes misinterpret what we say. So when teaching, as a future teacher I need to make sure Im clear and precise. Concepts need to be to the point and one should not beat around the bush. I could also introduce the concept of motivation in my class. If I aid the learners in their learning and even in their attempts in learning I will be able to take them from the known to the unknown. Using motivation learners will want to try and work harder and by this get a better use of both the medium of language and the mathematical language as a whole. The classroom environment is another are that I can encourage learners development. If I make the classroom environment a fun way to learn and learners wont get laughed at and shot down for trying. Children learn from their mistakes so if I encourage them and they give the wrong answer and we correct it, they wont forget. In conclusion my belief is that Lev Vygotsky was a psychologist whose theory greatly influenced the world. His socio-cultural theory if understood properly can aid both teachers and learners effectively to achieve top results. I also believe that parents should try their best to give their children the best social contexts and keep them away from negative influences. As a future teacher Ive learnt a lot from Vygotskys theory and will use this theory fruitfully when I start teaching.

Disneys Medievalesque Sleeping Beauty Essay -- Essays Papers

Disney's Medievalesque Sleeping Beauty "It was not once upon a time, but in a certain time in history, before anyone knew what was happening, Walt Disney cast a spell on the fairy tale. He did not use a magic wand or demonic powers. On the contrary, Disney employed the most up-to-date technological means and used his own American "grit" and ingenuity to appropriate European fairy tales. His technical skills and ideological proclivities were so consummate that his signature obfuscated the names of Charles Perrault, the Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen, and Collodi. If children or adults think of the great classical fairy tales today, be it Snow White, Sleeping Beauty, or Cinderella, they will think Walt Disney. " --Jack Zipes, "Breaking the Disney Spell" (72) Zipes, one of the foremost scholars on the "fairy tale" has published numerous commentaries on Disney's cinematic versions of fairy tales and critiques Disney for using them to perpetuate what Zipes sees as cultural ills. In the same essay he writes, "The manner in which he copied the musical films and plays of his time, and his close adaptation of fairy tales with patriarchal codes indicate that all the technical experiments would not be used to foster social change in America, but to keep power in the hands of individuals like himself, who felt empowered to design and create new worlds" (Zipes 93). Zipes ultimately sees Disney's egotism as guilty of failing to utilize the opportunity afforded within a medium such as the animated fairy tale to acknowledge and foster change within the social order. Zipes, along with other scholars such as Eleanor Byrne and Martin McQuillan, authors of the book Deconstructing Disney, explore and catalogue the various ways in which Walt Disney-the man-and Disney-the corporation that is his legacy-perpetuate social figurations of race, gender and ethnocentrism through they films they produce. They furthermore critique Disney for reducing fairy tales to over-simplified, over-sanitized and over-sentimentalized banalities designed solely as a profit-generating products. Such analyses prove to be truly important work, as the socio-cultural ideas propagated by Disney, as well as the means by it executed such propagation prove key in unlocking the messages that are sent through seemingly harmless "entertainment". As Zipes keenly point out, Yet, amus... ...Cited Byrne, Eleanor and Martin McQuillan. Deconstructing Disney. Great Britain: Pluto Press, 1999. Dorfman, Ariel and Armand Mattelart. How to Read Donald Duck: Imperialist Ideology in the Disney Comic. Trans. David Kunzle. New York: International General 1984. Lefebvre, Henri. "Work and Leisure in Everyday Life." Everyday Life Reader. Ed. Ben Highmore. Great Britain: Routledge, 2002. 225-36. Marx, Karl. "Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right: Introduction." 1844. The Marx-Engels Reader. Ed. Robert C. Tucker. 2nd ed. USA: Norton, 1978. 53-65. "Once Upon a Dream: The Making of Sleeping Beauty". Documentary. Disney, Inc., c. 1959. Perrault, Charles. "The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood." 1697. Perrault's Complete Fairy Tales. Trans. A.E. Johnson. USA: Dodd, Mead & Company, Inc. 1961. 1-15. Sleeping Beauty. Dir. Wilfred Jackson. Walt Disney Studios, 1959. "Sleeping Beauty: Commemorative Booklet." Disney Inc. c. 1997. Willis, Paul. "Symbolic Creativity." Everyday Life Reader. Ed. Ben Highmore. Great Britain: Routledge, 2002. 282-294. Zipes, Jack. Fairy Tale as Myth. USA: University Press of Kentucky, 1994.

Its Time to End the Drug War Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

It's Time to End the Drug War Uhh, uhhh B.I.G., P-O, P-P-A No info, for the, DEA Federal agents mad cause I'm flagrant Tap my cell, and the phone in the basement -Notorious B.I.G. lyrics from â€Å"Mo’ Money, Mo’ Problems† In Christopher Wallace’s (a.k.a. Notorious BIG) â€Å"Mo’ Money, Mo’ Problems†, the late rapper from Brooklyn mentions his run in with the police earlier in his life. Christopher Wallace came to be known as arguably the greatest rapper the world has ever heard, but before the days as a famous entertainer Christopher Wallace an average crack dealer in New York. Many youths in the New York area wish to follow his path, and sell drugs in their respective neighborhoods in order to be able to â€Å"roll in style.† Some individuals would try to say that the current system for dealing with drugs works in this country, look what it did for Christopher Wallace how he straightened up his life after jail. That could be the furthest from the truth, if one were to look at the rest of Christopher Wallace’s songs, one could deduct the violence, and anger that has built up in him. Christopher Wallace’s life would come to an abrupt and violent end , when he would be shot down in a drive-by in Los Angeles at the age of 24. The tragic end of such a talented and troublesome life, brings me to ask the question whether the US’s war on drugs is actually accomplishing anything, when drugs are still easily available in metropolitan cities across the country, especially New York. The modern Drug War’s roots can be dated back to US anti-imperialist sentiments against the British since the 19th century. More recent incarnations of these sentiments are figures such as Richard Nixon, Harry Anslinger, and George Bush. Drugs such as ... ...t.all; â€Å"Estimating Heroin Availability†. Cambridge, Mass: Abt Associates Inc.; 1999 9. http://www.csdp.org/edcs/theneed.htm 10. http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/policy/ndcs00/chap2_4.html 11. http://www.progressive.org/com1099.htm 12. Wisotsky, Steven; Breaking the Impasse in the War on Drugs. New York:Greenwood Press; 1986 13. Martin, Susan Taylor; â€Å"Heroin for addicts works as a Swiss fix†. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg, FLA. 2001 14. Reinarman, Craig and Cohen, Peter. â€Å"Is US dutch policy the devil?†. Univeristy of Amsterdam :Amsterdam; 1999. 15. Donrey, Samantha Young. â€Å"US:DEA Profile Being Raised by New Head. Wahington: Donrey Media Group; 2001 16. Hunt, Gibson Hunt and Chambers Carl D. â€Å"The Heroin Epidemics†. New York, Spectrum Publications; 1976 17. http://www.dea.gov/concern/heroin.htm 18. http://www.drugwarfacts.org/thenethe.htm

Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay -- Chopin Awakening Essays

Kate Chopin's The Awakening In Kate Chopin's, The Awakening, Edna Pontellier came in contact with many different people during a summer at Grand Isle. Some had little influence on her life while others had everything to do with the way she lived the rest of her life. The influences and actions of Robert Lebrun on Edna led to her realization that she could never get what she wanted, which in turn caused her to take her own life. In the Creole culture, outward affection and expression were a common thing. Edna, being brought up in Kentucky, "was at first a little confused. . .by the Creole's gentle caress. She was not accustomed to an outward and spoken expression of affection, either in herself or in others," (Chopin 22). Robert knew that Edna was not of Creole background and that she might not take his flirting as simply that. Yet, he still continued to playfully pursue Edna like the women which he had been devoting himself to each summer for the past eleven years. He did not understand that what he was doing was wrong in the culture that Edna had been brought up with. Once, when Robert laid his head against Edna's arm, she brushed him off. He then did it again and Edna "could not but believe it to be thoughtlessness on his part; yet that was no reason she submit to it," (15). Edna was at first disturbed by Robert's actions. Because she did not know about the Creole culture, she allowed Robert to f lirt with her and she actually took him seriously. The flirting resulted in her starting to have feelings for him and to wonder about her place in life. Another thing was that Robert was not blind to the whole situation and that Edna would not understand his flirting. When Madame Ratignolle was walking back to the house with Robert, she flat out warned him about what he was doing. "Let Mrs. Pontellier alone. . .she is not one of us; she is not like us. She might make the unfortunate blunder of taking you seriously," (27). Robert argues that there is no possibility of Edna taking him seriously. That whole conversation only reiterates that Robert does not understand what he is getting Edna and himself into. Robert finally realized what was happening between Edna and him. He started to have feelings for her that he could not control. When he told everyone that he was going to Mexico for business, it was actually to get away from ... ...ike almost everyone else, Leonce also did not think that anything would come out of Robert's flirting with Edna. Leonce did not realize that Edna was not brought up in the Creole culture and would not know how to deal with the way that Robert acted. He allowed Robert and Edna to go out together without even thinking twice. He did not see anything wrong with the two of them doing everything together. Even though it was common in the Creole culture for people to openly show their feelings, Leonce should have realized that Edna, because of her different upbringings, would not know how to deal with Robert's actions. In one way or another he was the one that helped start their feeling towards each other. Although there are a few more small examples about how Leonce might have caused Edna to take her life, the influence that Robert had over her is even more overpowering. Because of Robert, Edna realized that she was not happy with who or where she was and decided to drastically change everything that she was accustomed to. If Edna Pontellier had never met Robert Lebrun, she may never have realized how unhappy she was, and, in turn, may never have chosen to end her life.

Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 12

The next few days drifted by, chock-full of wedding planning and menu sampling. At night, the Sutherlands settled into a steady routine. Mrs. Sutherland took to the sewing room, teaching Lydia to make quilts and bonnets. Bridget indulged in a late-night beauty regime that involved brushing her hair in one hundred strokes and lathering herself in cream that I could smell all the way from the parlor. Winfield always retired to his study with a tumbler of brandy, perusing the paper or going over his accounting books. I'd taken to pacing the first floor, coming up with plans to ferry the Sutherlands to safety only to shoot down most of my ideas. I also now needed to plan my feedings. My steady diet of city animals was harder to keep up now that I was under the watchful eye of every Sutherland and servant. It was almost like they expected me to try and make a break for it, though it was impossible to know how much of that was genuine wariness versus Damon compelling them to follow me. Sometimes I managed to slip away, whether up to the roof or silently down to the backyard to try and find a rat or pigeon or even a mouse to satisfy my needs. Hazel, the house cat, was off limits of course, but fortunately her wild tomcat friends were not. Damon had no such nutritional problems. Nor did he care much about secrecy. He came and went as he pleased, doing God knows what in the darkest corners of the city. I often saw a maid or manservant summoned to his suite in the coldest hours of the night as I skulked about tending to my own needs. For my brother, life with the Sutherlands was like living in a grand hotel – he attended dinners in his honor and was feted all around town at the top establishments. He was a prince and New York was his adoring kingdom. When Damon arrived home on Thursday, Winfield poked his head out of the study. â€Å"Oh, good. I'm glad you're here,† Winfield said, holding out two glasses of whiskey. â€Å"Please come join me.† There was a stray drop of blood carelessly smeared on the corner of Damon's mouth. Anyone else would have assumed it was a shaving cut. Suddenly the cozy study seemed suffocating and the corners darker. Damon casually wiped his lips, his eyes on me, then threw himself down on the couch next to his future father-in-law, less like an Italian count and more like†¦ well, Damon. â€Å"Good evening, sir.† The fact that he dropped his fake accent in their presence highlighted just how under his thrall this family was. â€Å"I wanted to have a chat with the two of you about your futures,† Winfield began, chomping on his cigar. â€Å"Oh, I have big plans, I'm thinking long-term,† Damon said. â€Å"Living here with the family, of course. I love close kin.† My throat went dry and I ran a hand through my hair, beginning to panic, reminded once again that I had no idea what Damon really wanted. â€Å"I think I should like to go into business for myself,† Damon began to say. But then the door of the study slammed open and Margaret came striding in. â€Å"Papa!† Without a word to either of us she threw a copy of the day's Post down into her father's hands and tapped at an article. â€Å"Read this.† Winfield fished around in his pockets for his glasses and slid them on, peering at the paper. â€Å"Sutherland house is scandalized as two penniless suitors sweep away the last of the eligible Sutherland girls. Heartbroken sons of bankers, politicians, and empires of capital complain bitterly about the sudden move. Is it blackmail, some wonder? An unnamed source close to the family claims that†¦ Oh, rubbish,† he said, throwing the paper aside and taking off his glasses. â€Å"People talk about the silliest things.† â€Å"We will be ruined,† Margaret said, almost pleading. She completely ignored Damon's and my presence. â€Å"At the very least, can't you see how it would be bad for business?† â€Å"Don't you think you should leave that sort of talk for the menfolk?† Damon asked lazily, returning to his accented English. But his ice-blue eyes bored straight into her head, as if he wished he could put a bullet there. I stood up, placing myself between Margaret and him. She didn't seem to notice his hatred, or the danger she was in. â€Å"I understand your concerns,† I said quickly. I had to convince her to drop this, for her own sake. â€Å"But believe me, I want nothing but the best for your family.† â€Å"And in fact, we menfolk were just talking about business,† Winfield added. â€Å"Damon, you were saying?† â€Å"All I need is a small sum of cash,† my brother said, turning his head and effectively cutting Margaret out of the conversation. â€Å"Which will allow me to travel to my home country and start picking out vendors for exports†¦.† Margaret let out a gasp. â€Å"You're not actually thinking of giving him more than his dowry?† â€Å"Don't be greedy, pet,† Winfield said, shushing her with a patronizing gesture. â€Å"It's just seed money to get him on his way†¦.† â€Å"Have you gone crazy?† she demanded. â€Å"You don't even know this man. Let him work for you first. Or give him one of your smaller businesses to run.† Damon rose from his seat, coldly furious. I tried to take Margaret's arm, but she shook me off. She pulled herself up to her full height, staring straight back into his eyes. Though she wasn't quite as pretty as either of her younger sisters, she was certainly imposing. â€Å"You all have been acting completely mad since he showed up,† she said to her father, not looking away from Damon. â€Å"Letting him – and him† – she gestured at me – â€Å"become practically members of this family, live under our roof, share our bread, and then offer them cash and your daughters and everything else! Doesn't anyone think this is strange besides me?† Winfield looked upset, but confused. Damon widened his eyes. â€Å"Stop,† he compelled her. â€Å"Just accept Stefan and me – we're here to stay.† She looked at him for a long moment. I waited for her eyes to glaze over, for her pupils to dilate ever so slightly. But all she did was shake her head in disgust. â€Å"Your phony ‘count' act might work with other people, but not me. I want no part of this.† I stared at her, stunned, as she stormed out. I'd never seen Damon fail to compel someone, not even when he'd been young and weak. I inhaled deeply, searching for hints of vervain, anything to explain what had just happened. But there was nothing there. All I could do was hope that whatever it was, it would continue to keep Margaret safe.

Informative Speech on Early Childhood Education Essay

â€Å"Whatever the mind can conceived, it can be achieved† – such is the immortal axiom of Dale Carnegie, which has become a universal motivational tool to enhance performance and uncover untapped potentials. But the validity of this maxim does not hold true only for adults, but for the young ones as well – even for the unborn, pulsating fetus in a mother’s womb. Would you believe that infants are like little computers? At the University of British Columbia, Canada, an experiment was conducted with the objective to gauge how the brain of an eight-month-old girl would react to words using small electrode capped to her head. And you know what have they found out? : study has deduced that infants, like little computers, learn by statistically analyzing the impressions they receive! It was further found out that even young babies could tell when there is a gap of only 16 milliseconds between the sounds! Can you imagine that brainpower of a baby! That is why advocates stressed that the impact of enhancing brain development right in the first five years, or even in the prenatal stage, is so great that you want to do it right from the very start. Timing is important but promptness is more relevant. And why is this so? – Simply because at age 0 to 5 years, development of human brain is greater than any other stages of his entire life. Earl Morrison shows how different body features changes over time. The most factual revelation of it is that Head Size and Brain weight develop almost completely at age 5 years compared to other body features, while all features attain full changes upon the age of 18. (Morrison) In short, 90% of brain’s physical development is happening at 0-5 years of human life, the early childhood stage, the critical stage when brain assimilations of information is great and prompt nurturing is timely right. Similar demand for physical nurturing holds true for fetus in the womb. Books, on human physiology reveals that infant nutrition really begins during fetal life. Most evidence indicates that the human fetus is entirely parasitic and will take nearly everything it requires for nutrition from the mother, even if this depletes her tissues! The food intake is proportionally higher in infancy and childhood than in adult life because basal metabolism is higher at this stage. (Arnow) Prenatal enrichment has been practiced for thousands of years, dating back to the ancient Chinese. A research of Dr. Brent Logan at the Educational Development Foundation, in cooperation with Gahanna Children’s College yields a unique prenatal stimulation using heartbeat-like sounds of increasing complexity as the most effective means of communicating with developing child. Other prenatal enrichment approaches that use music, reading or singing have been tried, however: the fluid surrounding the baby muffles all but the simplest of sounds, music is too random and complex, the spoken word is too hard to understand. Its use normally during the second trimester of mother’s pregnancy gives a wonderful bonding experience for baby and the rest of the family. Babies are born more relaxed with their eyes and hands open and crying little, nurse better, sleep better; reach developmental milestones more quickly, have advanced language, musical, and creative abilities; have enhanced curiosity and the ability to gather and process information very quickly. Prenatal enriched children demonstrate expanded cognitive abilities and higher than average IQs. Throughout life, this advantages would mean child’s ability to absorb and appreciate far more of his/her environment than one who did not receive prenatal enrichment It has been believe that, someday, its use will be as much a part of being pregnant as is taking prenatal vitamins. (Logan) Over the past 25 years, industrialized countries have experienced major changes in rearing arrangements for young children. This transformation stems, in part, from changes in the roles women now play in society – especially changes in maternal employment at an early stage in children’s lives. Increased reliance on paid childcare has fostered intense research on their positive and negative effects on children’s health, cognitive capacity, adjustment, and social relationships. One of the two studies conducted for ages 0-2 years revealed that children reared on child care exhibits the following behaviors: insecure attachments to their mothers, patterns of less harmonious mother-child interaction, higher levels of problem behavior, and teacher-reported social competence and poorer academic work habits. (Belsky) In the other study conducted for ages 2-5 inversely reveals more of advantages of good-quality care and its potential benefits for children. In particular, childcare offers more extensive social contacts opportunities opening extended social world for them. Positive childcare experiences also enhance later educational opportunities, such that those experiencing early non-parental care are better able to benefit from education, adjust to routines, and resist conflicts. (Ahnert L) Nevertheless, home remains the emotional center of children’s lives and it is important that supportive parent-child relationships need not be harmed by childcare experiences even when children spend considerable amounts of time in care. It is undeniably during these first five years of life, that we can most effectively impact and influence a child’s brain, stage when the brain is storing information and memories that will be the foundation for a lifetime of skills and potential. If this foundation is flawed, it can affect the entire life span of the individual. Advocates of early brain development and school readiness give the following 10 guidelines: Be warm, loving, and responsive; Respond to the child’s cues and clues; Enjoy talking, reading and singing to your child; Establish positive routines and rituals; Encourage child to play and explore safely; Make TV watching selective; Use discipline as an opportunity to teach; Accept the fact that each child is unique; Take care of yourself; and lastly Reach out and get some help. In finality, it is truly a wonderful opportunity to enrich the lives of our children and help them realize their full potential. â€Å"The first years truly last forever† but it will only be render possible and achievable, if and only if, as a parent, your mind has conceived it. References: Ahnert L, Lamb ME. . â€Å"Child Care and Its Impact on Young Children, 2-5†. Montreal, Quebec, 2004. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development [online]. Ed. Barr RG Tremblay RE, Peters RDeV, eds. : Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development. February 27 2007. < http://www. excellence-earlychildhood. ca/documents/Ahnert-LambANGxp. pdf. >. Arnow, Eagle Introduction to Physiology and Pathological Chemistry. 9th ed. Minnesota: The C. V. Mosley Co. , 1976. Belsky, J. . â€Å"Child Care and Its Impact on Young Children (0-2)†. Montreal, Quebec, 2005. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development [online]. Ed. Barr RG Tremblay RE, Peters RDeV. Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development. February 27 2007. . Logan, Brent â€Å"Learning before Birth: Every Child Deserves Giftedness†. 2006. February 28 2007.

Are You a Good Communicator

Are You a Good communicator? | Are you A Good Communicator ? | Sharice Vanlanham| | HCA/230| 3/31/2013| Robert Smiles, PhD. | †Effective listening skills are an asset in our professional and personal relationships. † †The good news is that with the right know how and a little practice, these skills can be developed. † By Marian K, 2011. â€Å"Communication combines both speaking and listening, and there is no point of one without the other. If you only send out clear messages, but fail to receive and comprehend them, and then you failed to communicate effectively.For good communication, you need both good speaking and effective listening skill†. For example â€Å"effective listening strategies involve putting in place a number of practice’s to start an effort to block out distractions and focusing on what the speaker is saying. Also effective listening consist of understanding and correctly interpreting body language which is important because t he message can only be interpreted correctly when it is received along with the body language in person. In order to developed effective listening skills, a person must put the above mentioned points into practice.One can play out effective listening activities, such as role plays†, with a friend to help you practice effective listening. Quality interpersonal relationships are important in the health care industry because effective communication in health care is crucial for health care professionals. According to Joey Papa contributor, â€Å"interpersonal communication must be clear, thorough and comprehensive. The health care industry survived on collaborate communication efforts between doctors, nurses, specialists, insurance companies and many other individuals. â€Å" Interpersonal communication is the glued that holds industry together. † † It provides a safeguard of customer satisfaction and can prevent a medical mistake with huge repercussions. † In fact â€Å"communication is an essential key ingredient in today’s medical field, as numerous professionals and patients strive to build a trusting and open relationship with each other†. â€Å"The main purpose is for one to build the kind of relationship that result in improved patient care and outcomes. Therefore listening and empathizing response skills, enables us to respond to patients and others in a caring and respectful manner†.Defensive relationships is â€Å"defined as that behavior which occurs when an individual perceives threat or anticipates threat in the group†. â€Å"Defense arousal prevents the listener from concentrating upon the message, not only do defensive communicators send off multiple value, motive and affect cues, but also defensive recipients distort what they receive†. â€Å"As a person becomes more and more defensive, he or she becomes less able to receive the motives and values and emotions of the sender†.For e xample A rude doctor directly challenge a nurse question idea’s or knowledge in public while devaluing the nurse’s knowledge. Supportive communication is when communication emphasizes a problem or a situation and its potential solution or possible changes, in instead of focusing on the other person involved and their personal traits or characteristic’s, by taking that approach, the communication can be more effective because the other person doesn’t feel as defensive. Supportive communication is better to use in the health care field because it requires a non-judgmental attitude.The person your speaking with should know she can express her feelings without fear of condemnation or retaliation, also its good for health care because its practice’s empathy, so the person you are talking to understands what are situations is and what he or she is going through and when a patient becomes more friendly and warm to trust enough to talk to. Assertive commun ication is a form of behavior characterized by a confident declaration or affirmation of statement without need of proof, this affirms the person’s rights or points of view without either aggressively threatening the rights of another.Assertive style is most likely appropriate in health care because it helps professionals feel good about themselves and others, and leads to the development of respect with others while increasing self-esteem. Using assertive communication in the work environment helps reduce stress on others and it protects patients from being taken advantage of by nurses or doctors along reducing anxiety. We all use assertive communication behavior at times, yet being trained in assertive communication increase appropriate behavior towards others. Reference: www. buzzle. com www. healthy. net

Life of Pi analysis Essay

Life of Pi â€Å"Life of Pi† written by Yann Martel is an incredibly philosophical novel that tells the story of survival. Pi Patel, a young Indian boy, is faced against the impossible when his familys boat is shipwrecked and he is left stranded in a lifeboat with an interesting and potentially harmful group of animals: a zebra, an orangutan, a vicious hyena, and the magnificent Richard Parker, a Bengal tiger with a human like name. Throughout the novel, due to his situation of being stranded, Pi had to take drastic measures in order to survive. Part of his need to survive resulted in Pi giving up his egetarian ways. Slowly throughout the book, readers witness the transformation from Pi’s civil eating habits to an animalistic devouring of food . His transformation of eating habits leaves readers to question how, after reaching such a gruesome point, is Pi able to return to the life he lived pre-shipwreck, and return to his old eating habits as if nothing happened? In the beginning of the novel, it is quickly established that Pi was vegetarian. With being so close to the zoo keeping industry allowed Pi to develop a love and understanding for animals that many carnivorous eaters don’t. His religion of Hinduism also played a part in Pi’s original eating habits. The strictness in his diet made it hard for Pi to, at first, get accustomed to life on the sea. Imagine going from eating a strict vegetarian diet to being required to eat anything in plain sight Just to survive. Pi’s first scene where he breaks his vegetarian diets occurred a days after the shipwreck. After realizing that the sea is full of edible life forms, Pi makes an executive decision and decides that, in order to survive, he must eat food that would defy his vegetarian ways. After unsuccessfully using a leather hoe as bait for fish, Pi is interrupted by a school of flying fish. Luckily for P’, some of the fish fall into the boat, making them readily available for Pi and Richard Parker to eat. Being the animal that he is, Richard Parker does not hesitate to eat his portion of the fish. However the same does not go for P’. Eating the fish meant doing what he considered to be the unthinkable. Pi â€Å"proceeded with great deliberation† (182) and â€Å"unwrapped the fish carefully’ (182). It was apparent that killing the fish went against all of Pi’s morals because â€Å"the closer the fish was to appearing, the more afraid and isgusted† (182) he became. Pi’s contemplated a lot before making his decision because â€Å"a lifetime of peaceful vegetarianism stood between and the willful beheading of a fish† (183). After deciding that the best way to kill the fish was to break its neck, Pi had â€Å"tears flowing down his cheeks† (183). The simple killing of a fish left Pi in an emotional state. Now instead of an innocent sixteen year old boy, Pi was a killer and guilty of taking a life away. In other words, Pi now â€Å"had blood on [his] hands† (183). Despite Pi’s utter disgust and emotional breakdown, he continued to fish using the dead fish’s head as bait. As a result, Pi was able to attract the attention of a hungry Dorado bird. Once Pi realized that he had his next victim, he began to reel it in. However, the Dorado bird was not going to go down without a fight. Although it was a struggle for Pi to reel in the distressed bird, â€Å"killing it was no problem† (185). Pi beat the bird vigorously witha atc et n n . Unlike the tisn, Pi nad no issues witn killing the Dorado. He maintained emotionally stable and didn’t really care whether or not the bird suffered while it was being beaten. At this point in the novel, readers begin to see how Pi’s eating habits are transformed. In such a short time, Pi went from â€Å"weeping over the muffled killing of a flying fish to gleefully bludgeoning to death of a Dorado† (185). This is proof to the believe that â€Å"a person can get used to anything† (185) regardless of what it is. In Pi’s case, he got accustomed to killing. As time passes by, Pi’s eating habits only become more brutal. After discovering the simplicity in catching turtle, Pi began to eat them. More specifically, Pi butchered the turtles and drank the â€Å"sweet lassi† (212) that would spurt from the turtle’s neck. Not only did turtles become Pi’s â€Å"favorite dish† (212), but it also ate everything that urtles had to offer, whether it be their liver, heart, lungs, flesh, or intestine. Pi’s methods for killing the turtles and his behavior when eating the turtles showed how Pi was slowly transforming into a version of Richard Parker. His eating habits were becoming animalistic and they continued to worsen as Pi spent more time stranded out in the Pacific. In addition to ravenously eating his prey, Pi’s mood began to reflect the amount of food he ingested. Once Pi’s rations were gone, â€Å"anything was good to eat† (213). Instead of using his morals and sense of reasoning, Pi would Just eat nything he could find, regardless of the taste. Even Richard Parker’s feces caused Pi’s mouth to water. Pi’s need for food numbed his mind from making reasonable decisions. In Pi’s mind, everything was edible, much like how animals perceive everything to be edible. On top of atrociously killing turtles, Pi began to kill small sharks that would swim by the lifeboat. Instead of fishing for these sharks, Pi would â€Å"catch [the sharks] with [his] bare hands† (219) and eat their flesh. This sort of behavior Pi demonstrated further proves how his eating habits resemble those of Richard Parker. Whenever Pi would throw the tiger its ortion of the prey, Richard Parker would â€Å"attack immediately’ (219) by striking the animal with his forepaws. Similarly, Pi is beginning to â€Å"attack† his prey with his hands, and then devour it. Pi also reached a point where he, himself, realized how his eating habits resembled Richard Parker’s. He became known of â€Å"how low [he] had sunk† when he compared his eating to the tiger’s. Both ate their food with a â€Å"noisy, frantic, unchewing wolfing-down† (225) nature. Even though at that point of Pi’s journey he seemed to have become a completely new individual, Pi still had some of his morals intact. When Pi became temporarily blind, a French cook boarded the lifeboat and began to talk to him. At the time, Pi thought that he was talking to Richard Parker. Pi and the cook discussed food, and the cooks view on food caused Pi to feel â€Å"sick† (245). Unbeknown to Pi, the cook was actually a cannibal and had every intention to eat Pl. Luckily for P’, Richard Parker was there to save him by killing the French cook. However, although Pi was sickened by the thought of eating another human being, Pi’s actions following the death of the cook showed how hunger truly numbed his mind from remembering his morals and his vegetarian ways. After â€Å"catch[ing] one of [the cooks] arms with the gaff’ (256), Pi used the Frenchman’s body part as bait. Pi’s extreme need for food also drove him to eat some the man’s flesh. Although the amount ot tlesn Pi ate was small and went â€Å"nearly unnoticed† (2 still ate the flesh of another human. That by definition is cannibalism. For Pi to go to such an extreme Just to satisfy his hunger confirms that he was willing to do anything to survive, even if it meant disregarding all of his religious and moral believes. Even if it meant that he had to become an animal, Pi was willing to do anything to survive. In the end, despite the food Pi was exposed to while stranded in the ocean, Pi did return to his peaceful life as a vegetarian. When the interviewer went to hear Pi’s incredible story, the interviewer made note of the fact that Pi was an â€Å"excellent cook† (25). Pi happily made the interviewer some vegetarian tacos and zesty macaroni and cheese. It would seem as if Pi never viciously slaughtered turtles or sharks, or had eaten the flesh of another human being. It was as if Pi had forgotten the horrid things that happened on the lifeboat. However, that was the case. Those memories were forever mprinted in Pi’s memory, but Pi was able to move past the killings and continue with the lifestyle that truly made him happy and comfortable before his misfortunes. As Pi stated before, â€Å"a person can get used to anything†. In regards to his eating habits, once Pi returned back to normal civilization, he became accustomed to the habits he had before the shipwreck.

Organizational behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organizational behaviour - Essay Example Crawford (2006) explains that learning to let go is paramount to inspiring staff successfully as it illustrates that management trusts is employees. People respond positively to their superiors when they feel that they have been empowered; this means having sufficient autonomy to carry out their responsibilities. Delegation is a careful balancing act because it does not mean leaving everything to one’s employees; managers need to know when to step in order to give their followers support when carrying out their respective functions. Furthermore, entrusting them with these responsibilities and then removing it suddenly actually demotivates workers, as they require sufficient reasons for removal of the same. The author also believes that managers need to assist their employees in knowing where they fit in within the organisation as this causes them to realise that they are valuable. Having a sense of community in the firm comes about when the concerned employees already have a certain emotional commitment to the objectives of the company. This sense of loyalty pushes them into becoming more confident in themselves as they fell that they are positively contributing to something great in the firm. Employees also strive for recognition of their strengths, especially in terms of their talents as well as their capabilities; many of them feel can do so much to improve outcomes within the company if given a chance. Instating rigid protocols and policies concerning talent and job placements constraint workers who then feel frustrated by their company’s inability to exploit their potential. Some employees are highly capable and with the right management support can soar to great heights; this eventually translates into effective outcomes for the organisation. Workers also strive for work-life balance, so managers ought to go out of their way to promote this sort of atmosphere for their employees.